Othello And Iago Essays (786 words) - Othello, Iago, Emilia

Othello And Iago In Shakespeare's "Othello," Iago carefully and masterfully entraps Othello into believing that his wife, Desdemona, is having an affair with Cassio. He does this through a series of suggestions and hesitations that entice and implant images into Othello's head that lead him to his own end. More importantly, Iago gives Othello the motive to murder his own innocent wife Desdemona, satisfying Iago's huge appetite for revenge. The motive for Iago's devious plan is initially made clear in the first of three major soliloquies, in which he proclaims Othello has had an affair with his wife, Emilia: "And it is thought abroad that t'wixt my sheets/ He's done my office" (I.iii.). The irony behind this line is where he continues: "I know not if't be true/ But I, for mere suspicion in that kind; / Will do as if for surety"(I.iii.). Iago is so paranoid and insane that he will go far as murdering, and even fool a general into murdering his wife. At the same time Iago conducts a plan to take over Cassio's position as lieutenant, using Desdemona's weakness; her naivety. He disgraces Cassio by intoxicating him enough so he strikes Roderigo. Othello then discharges Cassio of his Lieutenancy when he says: "Cassio, I love thee, / But nevermore be officer of mine" (II.iii.). It was therefore understandable that he would fall to the mercy of Iago, completely unaware of the inevitable effects. Iago reveals his plan to the reader in his third soliloquy when he states: His soul is so unfettered to her love, That she may make, unmake, do what she list, Even as her appetite shall play the god With his weak function... And she for him pleads strongingly to the Moore, I'll pour this pestilence into his ear: That she repels him for her body's lust, And by how much she strives to do him good, She shall undo her credit with the Moor (II.iii.). The first instance of this plan comes to life in the scene where Iago gets Cassio drunk, but his plan begins after Othello banishes Cassio. With Cassio's reputation ruined, Iago fools Cassio by taking advantage of the fact that he is in a state in which he would do anything to get his job, position, and reputation back. Iago tells him to find Desdemona to get It back: "Our General's wife is/ now the General...She is so free, so kind, so apt, so blessed a disposition, she holds it a vice in her/ goodness not to do more than she is requested..." (II.iii.). Iago knows Desdemona is very naive. While Cassio is talking to Desdemona about asking Othello to take him back, Iago is implanting sexual images of Cassio and Desdemona in Othello's mind. The more Desdemona pleads to Othello about this matter, the more Othello believes that Cassio is sleeping with his wife. Also, the more he refuses Desdemona's wishes, the more she pleads, thereby creating even more of a conflict between the three characters. For his plan to work successfully Iago first had to carefully gain trust from all of the characters. Since he was a master of deception, this was not very difficult. His declarations of love he that he spoke so strongly of throughout the play were enough to fool everyone: "I think you think I love you..."I protest, in the sincerity of love and kindness..." obviously he deceives the characters in the play through their words:(Othello) "Thy honesty and love doth mince this matter..."my friend, thy husband, honest, honest Iago..." (Cassio)"Good night honest Iago..."I never knew a Florentine more kind and honest." The love and honesty Iago falsely shows upon Othello and Cassio makes it an impossible idea to either that Iago could ever set either of them up in such a way. The irony of all this is throughout his declarations of love, Iago is deceiving them. Iago's beloved wife, Emilia, is the one who eventually unravels her husband's plan in the scene, but it is already too late, for Iago has gained his revenge with the murder Of Desdemona by Othello. The relationship between Iago and Emilia is very vague. She doesn't seem to know her husband very well and neither does he. This is could be due to Iago's animal like attitude to love and life. He is very individualistic, concerned only of himself and his needs. He is very self-centered, and this is made clear in the first scene when he shouts at Brabantio. The feelings Iago have are common jealousy. In an attempt at revenge, he

How School Leaders Can Improve Teacher Quality

How School Leaders Can Improve Teacher Quality School leaders want all of their teachers to be great teachers. Great teachers make a school leader’s job easier. Realistically, not every teacher is a great teacher. Greatness takes time to develop. A major component of a school leader’s job is to improve teacher quality. An effective school leader  has the ability to help any teacher take it to the next level. A good school leader will help a bad teacher become effective, an effective teacher become good, and a good teacher become great. They understand that this is a process that takes time, patience, and a lot of work. By improving teacher quality, they will naturally improve student learning outcomes. Improved input equals improved output. This is an essential component of school success. Continuous growth and improvement are necessary. There are many ways that a school leader can improve teacher quality within their building. Here, we examine seven ways that a school leader can help individual teachers grow and improve. Conduct Meaningful Evaluations It takes a lot of time to conduct a thorough teacher evaluation. School leaders are oftentimes overwhelmed with all their duties and evaluations are commonly placed on the backburner. However, evaluations are the single most crucial aspect when improving teacher quality. A school leader should routinely observe and evaluate a teacher’s classroom to identify areas of need and weakness and to create an individual plan for that teacher to improve in those areas. An evaluation should be thorough, especially for those teachers who have been identified as needing significant improvement. They should be created after a substantial number of observations that allow a school leader to see the entire picture of what a teacher is doing in their classroom. These evaluations should drive a school leader’s plan of the resources, suggestions, and professional development that is required to improve individual teacher quality. Offer Constructive Feedback/Suggestions A school leader must offer a list that includes any weaknesses which they find during the evaluation. A school leader should also give detailed suggestions to guide teacher improvement. If the list is exceedingly comprehensive, then pick a few of the things that you believe is the most important. Once those have improved to an area deemed effective, then you can move on to something else. This can be done both formally and informally and is not limited to what is in the evaluation. A school leader may see something that could improve the teacher on a quick visit to the classroom. The school leader may offer constructive feedback intended to address this smaller issue. Provide Meaningful Professional Development Engaging in professional development can improve teacher quality. It is necessary to note that there are a lot of terrible professional development opportunities. A school leader needs to look thoroughly at the professional development they are scheduling and determine if it will produce the intended results. Engaging professional development can foster dynamic changes for a teacher. It can motivate, provide innovative ideas and gives a fresh perspective from an outside source. There are professional development opportunities that cover just about any weakness a teacher has. Continuous growth and improvement is essential for all teachers and even more valuable for those who have gaps that need to be closed. Provide Adequate Resources All teachers need the appropriate tools to do their job effectively. School leaders must be able to give their teachers the resources they need. This can be challenging as we currently live in an era where educational funding is a significant issue. However, in the age of the Internet, there are more tools available to teachers than ever before. Teachers must be taught to use the Internet and other technologies as an educational resource in their classroom. Great teachers will find a way to cope without having all the resources they would like to have. However, school leaders should do everything they can to provide their teachers with the best resources or provide professional development to use the resources they do have effectively. Provide a Mentor Great veteran teachers can provide tremendous insight and encouragement to an inexperienced or struggling teacher. A school leader must develop veteran teachers who want to share best practices with other teachers. They must also build a trusting, encouraging atmosphere in which their entire faculty communicates, collaborates, and shares with each other. School leaders must make mentor connections in which both sides have similar personalities, or the connection may be counterproductive. A solid mentor connection can be a positive, learning venture for both the mentor and the mentee. These interactions are most effective when they are daily and ongoing. Establish Ongoing, Open Communication All school leaders should have an open door policy. They should encourage their teachers to discuss concerns or to seek advice at any time. They should engage their teachers in ongoing, dynamic dialogue. This dialogue should be continuous especially for those teachers who need improvement. School leaders should want to build engaging, trusting relationships with their teachers. This is essential for improving teacher quality. School leaders who do not have this sort of relationship with their teachers will not see improvement and growth. School leaders must be active listeners who offer encouragement, constructive criticism, and suggestions when appropriate. Encourage Journaling and Reflecting School leaders should encourage inexperienced or struggling teachers to journal. Journaling can be a powerful tool. It can help a teacher grow and improve through reflection. It can help them better recognize their individual strengths and weaknesses. It is also valuable as a reminder of things that worked and things that did not work so well in their classroom. Journaling can spark insight and understanding. It can be a dynamic game-changer for teachers who genuinely want to improve.

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE ESSAY

PERSONAL EXPERIENCE ESSAY ï » ¿ Personal experience essay is all about you and your personal perception of something that has happened to you. The most important thing about personal experience essay is to consequentially realize all the benefits the personal experience that you have received after living through it. Instructors want to see your ability to write, to put events into logical order, to see your ability to use English, and your ability and desire to learn from your own experiences. This is the secret that have just shared with you. The personal experience essay is your chance to communicate with the world and to have opportunity to show yourself from the inside. Â   Another important aspect of personal experience essay is your ability to show in the writing how you have benefited from it. Perhaps the chosen personal experience has taught you completely new things. Perhaps, you have changed your mind and opinion on the things that you disliked or ignored before. Everything in your personal experience that you choose to show does matter. Keep your essay structure according to the essay guidelines. If help needed, we are ready to help you to write original personal experience essay today. PERSONAL EXPERIENCE ESSAY Any type of personal experience essay will start with the particular event selection. Creating personal experience essay is an exciting process and the main focus of this essay is your unique personality. There are several ways to go around writing this type of essay. First is to depict an story or experience that made your laugh. The second is to present a story that has changed you as a person and you became wiser in many ways. You can describe the event in your life that you are proud of and you have benefited from. Or you can describe a personal experience that was a true challenge for you. Depict how you were able a chance to have a personal growth in your life. In these both examples your main goal is to stay objective. If you find yourself to get emotionally involved in the essay you are writing that means that you have already lost your objectivity. Try writing it all out with the focus on your personal feelings and emotions and then get back to real essay writing.

Plato and Rousseaus Commentary on Constitutional Breakdown Essay

Plato and Rousseaus Commentary on Constitutional Breakdown - Essay Example Plato thus emphasized that democracy, just like oligarchy, draws a rift between the rich and the poor (Rosen, 2008). With the perceiving the rich as plotting against them, they seek protection through rallying their support behind a champion. With the increasing support of the mob, such a champion is likely to turn into a tyrant. For Plato, the law ought to be a defining factor for all the actions of individuals within a certain jurisdiction and that people have to lose their freedom for the sake of gaining peace and harmony. To prevent degeneration of the constitution, Plato postulates that the law has to become the master of the government and the government to be its slave, so that every person is answerable to the law. In addition, Plato suggests that for a constitution to be effective then the government should be run by the best (aristocratic), so that the leaders are highly wise and that they receive proper training concerning how a state should be run. Contrary to Plato’s view, Rousseau believes that constitutions that fail to recognize the individual moral responsibility of the citizens is bound to degenerate with time. As such, for any constitutional coercions to be justified, they must be based on certain general agreements among the citizens. Rousseau observed that constitutional governments were driven by an assumption that citizens within a given state, regardless of their divisions in terms of personal opinions, remain firmly in agreement concerning the desire to share the same political existence.

Management during Low Sales Volume Research Paper

Management during Low Sales Volume - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that reducing labor expenses can save many employees’ job and organization can keep knowledge and talents of longtime employees for the purpose of growth in future. It is possible for reducing compensation and benefit provided from the end of the organization. So in such case, a restructure on salary, benefits and compensation are required. Employees should do the multitasking activities. If some of the employees are inefficient in this field then management will take immediate action against them. Again expansion of new business strategy can improve the present scenario of sales. Periodic review of financial statements should be done in the more stringent way for reducing the chances of fraudulent sales data. No unconfirmed sales data should be recorded in an organizational accounting system. Anticipatory sales data should also not to be included in the financial statements of this organization. Sales procedures should not be conducted without any signe d purchase order from the respective end. Again confirm contact details are required for completing a sales activity. If any bonus was paid on the basis of fictitious order then that amount of bonus should be taken off by the end of the management. Staffing cost is based on the sales number. So, in this case, the amount of bonus will increase the amount of total cost of this organization. For improving employee communication method, human resource managers should take proper initiatives. They should listen to the problems of employees and respond according to the situation. Communication gap needs to be minimized between lower level staffs and upper-level managers. Otherwise, managers would not be able to know about the operational problems. Effective communication many times solves so many operational difficulties within an organization. In the effective communication process, individuals can share their ideas and views with others and thus the organization can operate its business activities in a more innovative way. For building effective communication procedure, face to face conversation is necessary. Again managers should keep the track records of employees’ activities.

The Importance Of Team Work Management Essay

The Importance Of Team Work Management Essay The essay begins with an attempt to define the nature of teams and groups and considers the differences between the two. This is followed by a discussion of why teamwork is important to contemporary organisations. After which, the conditions necessary for effective team working is discussed drawing on Tuckman (1965) model of group development. Then a discussion of group processes that lead to ineffective teamwork are considered. Finally, the impact of technology is considered on the effect of teams and the rise of virtual teams before a conclusion is made. Defining Groups and Teams A definition of a team may assume that the team has, or is working towards a common goal (Pynadeth and Tambe, 2002). A team can be defined as groups of people embedded in organisations, performing tasks that contribute to achieving the organisations goals. They share overall work objectives. They have the necessary authority, autonomy and resources to achieve these objectives (West, 2004, p.18). The difference between a group and a team is that members of a team share a common goal they are pursuing collaboratively. Moreover, they can only succeed or fail as a whole, and the members of that team share the benefits and costs of success or failure. In contrast, the members of a (psychological) group may share a number of common features.but each has his or her own individual goals (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007, p.379). Importance of Teamwork In a contemporary organisations, what were once competitors are now collaborators, what were once outsiders are now stakeholders, what were once stark boundaries are now fuzzy fences. Organisations have now discovered the value of collaboration, both inside and outside (Brooks, 2006, p.115). Teamwork has been linked to economic advantages, higher output, lower absenteeism and increased employee satisfaction (Steijn, 2001; Brooks, 2006; Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). It has also been shown to lead to less stressful work, reduced alienation and improved working relationships (Katzenback and Smith). Effective Team Working Certain conditions are necessary for effective teamwork (Buchanan and Hyczsynski, 2007). Several models of team working have been developed, however Tuckmans Model of Group Development (1965) is one of the most widely used (Murray et al., 2006, Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Tuckman (1965) model depicts four stages of group development, which represents a logical sequence of stages of group development of which every team must go through in order to work as a cohesive and effective team (Tuckman, 1965; Murray et al., 2006). The first stage is forming. Forming is about orientation, socialisation and developing relationships. Discovering what is acceptable behaviour, focusing on objectives. Discovering the nature and boundaries of the task, developing team behaviours The second stage is storming this is about confrontation and conflict and the struggle for power and influence. At this stage the group structure shifts towards hostility and conflict, as members express their individuality and resistance (Murray et al., 2006, p.314). During this stage there is conflict over individuals desires to express their own opinions, which often results in the polarisation of opinions (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). The third stage is norming, in this stage groups develop a cohesive approach, whereby harmonious relations replace conflict and disagreement. During this stage, communication becomes more open and people are more comfortable with expressing their opinions, even if it is different to others without fear of repercussions or thoughts of deviant behaviour (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Members begin to develop social interactions that enhance the overall performance of the group (Murray et al., 2006). Performing is the final stage of group development, in which teams are finally able to work as a cohesive unit. This is about team collaboration and the focus is on getting the task at hand completed and reaching the shared goals of the team. By this stage, the team should have a thorough understanding of what is required of them, the problems, challenges and issues they face in reaching their goals and will have established norms of behaviour that will facilitate the team in meeting its goals (Tuckman, 1965; Murray et al., 2006). The team which emerges as a result of these group development stages is a mature group, capable and willing to complete the tasks as defined by the organisation (Tuckman, 1965; Murray et al., 2006, Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Arguably, if the team is not able, for whatever reason to complete the stages of group development, then the team will be ineffective (Murray et al., 2006). As a result, this has important implications for managers and team leaders. Group processes and behaviour cannot be separated from the pursuit of effective team working. Therefore, leaders and managers must develop and emotional awareness of the influence of the psychological group on the overall performance of the team (Steijn, 2001; Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007) Factors which Threaten the Success of the Team Buchanan and Hyczynski (2007) point out that teamwork of all kinds is fraught with tensions, conflicts, obstacles and problems. If these are not managed effectively, rather than surpassing the best members capabilities, the total group output may actually equal less than the weakest members efforts (p.351). This is known as negative synergy. This can be caused by factors such as negative equity, whereby other members of the group underperform so the other person thinks why should I?, shirking of responsibility, negative effort of group reward whereby everyone is rewarded the same regardless of effort and finally, problems of coordination, so people are obstructing others ability to get on with a task (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 20007). Collectively, this phenomenon has come to be known as social loafing (Ingham et al., 1974). In addition to social loafing, problems of group think can have a negative impact on the performance of teams. Whilst the development of group norms and behaviour can be beneficial to the team, in its extreme form this can lead to the problem of group think (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). Group think occurs whereby members of the group fail to critically analyse, test and evaluate problems, issues and challenges which face the group (Murray et al., 2006). This may be caused as a subconscious desire for members to avoid deviating from the prescribed norms of behaviour and group consensus (Buchanan and Hyczynski, 2007). However, this leads to ineffective team working, which is not beneficial to the organisation (West, 2004). Managers and team leaders play a pivotal role in ensuring that the problems of social loafing and group think does not occur. In addition managers should recognise team leaders who may advertently or inadvertently encourage the onset of negative synergy, social loafing and group think and take steps to minimise the impact of their ineffective team leadership. Impact of Technology on Team Functioning Technology plays an increasingly important role on the way in which teams function (Brooks, 2006). This is because organisations are becoming increasingly distributed across geographical boundaries and across industries (Brooks, 2006, p.115). There are many different types of technologies that have emerged which facilitate the development of teamwork both in a virtual and non-virtual teamwork environment. The rise in computer mediated technology, which facilitates communication, planning and organisation, has broken down barriers and can contribute towards making the team more effective (West, 2004; Brooks, 2006). Virtual teams are becoming an increasingly common extension of traditional organisational structures. Brooks (2006) describes the process as the following: virtual organisations, workplaces and teams are becoming increasingly common place. In a virtual team the members primary interaction is through some combination of electronic communications systems, which allows members of the team to cross time, space and cultural boundaries (Brooks, 2006, p.110). The type of technology which facilitates both physical and virtual teams includes the reduction in costs in recent years of portable PCs and consumer electronics and of communications devices. For example, laptops have seen a reduction in price and the majority of modern laptops come with in-built microphones, speakers and web cams for video conferencing. The cost of international calls has reduced and can even be made for free using VOIP (voice over internet protocol) technologies, such as Skype and Google Voice. Conclusion Teamwork is becoming increasingly important in contemporary organisations, and as long as teams are formed, managed and implemented effectively, can provide a source of competitive advantage in terms of increased employee satisfaction, creativity and innovation. However, if teams are assigned to inappropriate tasks, are managed ineffectively or not provided with adequate support, resources and autonomy to carry out their tasks then the effect of teamwork can be counterproductive. Teams are formal groups assigned by management that have shared goals. There is a difference between teams and groups; groups can exist without teams but teams cannot exist without groups. Therefore, the impact of group behaviour and group dynamics will have a significant impact on the overall performance of the team. Therefore, management must be awareness of the presence of groups that create their own norms and personal goals, which may deviate from the objectives of the team. Therefore, teamwork can be i s a complex management area, yet if carried out effectively, the results can be very rewarding.

Irises of Vincent van Gogh Essay

â€Å"Irises† was made by Vincent new wave Gogh in 1889. It is an oil on canvas with dimensions of 28† by 36 5/8. † It is a representational art that exhibits a bouquet of flags and a background of marigolds in a signifier of impressionist manner picture. the topic non dead set or twisted as to demo a signifier of sentiment from the creative person. The picture. as it depicts a garden-like clump of flowers. may be categorized under the subject of landscapes as it displays a scenery without animate beings or people. Van Gogh. in making â€Å"Irises. † chiefly used contour lines. From the picture. we would be able to see the blades of grasses environing the flowers every bit good as the thin roots and the petals of the flags itself with darker sunglassess run alonging the borders. The marigold background. nevertheless. and the piece of dirt that shows itself beneath the grass were done in a more streamlined gesture lines. However. though the borders of the flags. the grass. and the roots were defined. the lines are seen to be more implied than existent as the creative person did non precisely lined the borders with a crisp black but alternatively outlined the parts by utilizing a darker shadiness of colour. The definite lines emphasized a feeling of certainty on the picture. It created a constricted and serious temper. congratulating the construct of purdah for the lone white flag in a clump of blue. The forms in the picture are all natural and the colourss used nowadayss elusive contrast. Lighting seems to be natural as good. coming from the upper right corner of the picture and distributing out. as there’s no bright colour painted straight on the canvas. The place of the blue flags and the blades of grass make the minimum visible radiation seeable ; the agreement rocking some of that light towards the white flag positioned at the left side. With the blooms laid out in such a form. the visible radiation has been stronger on the bluish flags. However. it absolutely suits the artist’s thought. We could see from the illustration how the bluish flags got more of the limelight but they are tilting towards the white flag. In a manner. it may picture how van Gogh felt during the clip he was doing it ; he was in an refuge where people don’t really pay him much attending. But someway. their presence and his province feel like a strong force gushing and stamp downing him. Merely primary and secondary colourss were used for the picture. Made up with bluish. yellow. green and white. â€Å"Irises† is a symphonic music of subdued tones. While the colourss fundamentally described the capable affair. the blunt contrast between the blue flags and the white one emphasized how van Gogh views the difference between other people and himself. The bluish 1s. though they’re voluminous are all the same. They held no particular features. But the white flag is really different. Aside from being painted in another colour. the flag besides symbolizes pureness. The healthy white somehow depicts sedateness and chaste unlike the corrupt character of the bluish flags. Without an existent contact one would be able to find the velvety touch of the picture. sing the portion of the grasses and the marigolds. But for the flags. Vincent new wave Gogh chose to utilize impasto as to make a 3d-like dimension for the blooms. The technique non merely enables the spectator to about experience the weight of the blooms but it besides further back up the pulling force of the white flag. as we are able to see the bluish 1s lean their brawny petals towards the way of the white one ; researching farther the load new wave Gogh felt coming from the people environing him at that clip. Having used impasto on the piece. â€Å"Irises† someway hold a three dimensional feel. Indeed. with the invention of new wave Gogh. this painting transcends the traditional and acquired a more dramatic aura. With this manner. a spectator would be able to experience the only purdah of the white flag and farther sense the apathetic emotion of the bluish 1s. Looking more observingly. we may think how the creative person finished this piece. The piece is glazed and this is strongly apparent in the usage of beds of colourss and particularly the application of impasto. though the flags and marigolds seemed to be drawn above a light green base. Expanding out our examination. we’ll be able to state that new wave Gogh worked on background foremost. holding the marigolds and the dirt looking level. As he continues. he might every bit good work from light colourss so to dark. the dark colourss looking more solid and brighter. We could decidedly state every bit good that the focal point of the â€Å"Irises† is found at the centre left side of the canvas where the white flag was painted. The way of every component in the piece points at it. from the blades of grasses to the blue flags and the marigolds stressing its topographic point.