Plato and Rousseaus Commentary on Constitutional Breakdown Essay

Plato and Rousseaus Commentary on Constitutional Breakdown - Essay Example Plato thus emphasized that democracy, just like oligarchy, draws a rift between the rich and the poor (Rosen, 2008). With the perceiving the rich as plotting against them, they seek protection through rallying their support behind a champion. With the increasing support of the mob, such a champion is likely to turn into a tyrant. For Plato, the law ought to be a defining factor for all the actions of individuals within a certain jurisdiction and that people have to lose their freedom for the sake of gaining peace and harmony. To prevent degeneration of the constitution, Plato postulates that the law has to become the master of the government and the government to be its slave, so that every person is answerable to the law. In addition, Plato suggests that for a constitution to be effective then the government should be run by the best (aristocratic), so that the leaders are highly wise and that they receive proper training concerning how a state should be run. Contrary to Plato’s view, Rousseau believes that constitutions that fail to recognize the individual moral responsibility of the citizens is bound to degenerate with time. As such, for any constitutional coercions to be justified, they must be based on certain general agreements among the citizens. Rousseau observed that constitutional governments were driven by an assumption that citizens within a given state, regardless of their divisions in terms of personal opinions, remain firmly in agreement concerning the desire to share the same political existence.

Management during Low Sales Volume Research Paper

Management during Low Sales Volume - Research Paper Example This paper illustrates that reducing labor expenses can save many employees’ job and organization can keep knowledge and talents of longtime employees for the purpose of growth in future. It is possible for reducing compensation and benefit provided from the end of the organization. So in such case, a restructure on salary, benefits and compensation are required. Employees should do the multitasking activities. If some of the employees are inefficient in this field then management will take immediate action against them. Again expansion of new business strategy can improve the present scenario of sales. Periodic review of financial statements should be done in the more stringent way for reducing the chances of fraudulent sales data. No unconfirmed sales data should be recorded in an organizational accounting system. Anticipatory sales data should also not to be included in the financial statements of this organization. Sales procedures should not be conducted without any signe d purchase order from the respective end. Again confirm contact details are required for completing a sales activity. If any bonus was paid on the basis of fictitious order then that amount of bonus should be taken off by the end of the management. Staffing cost is based on the sales number. So, in this case, the amount of bonus will increase the amount of total cost of this organization. For improving employee communication method, human resource managers should take proper initiatives. They should listen to the problems of employees and respond according to the situation. Communication gap needs to be minimized between lower level staffs and upper-level managers. Otherwise, managers would not be able to know about the operational problems. Effective communication many times solves so many operational difficulties within an organization. In the effective communication process, individuals can share their ideas and views with others and thus the organization can operate its business activities in a more innovative way. For building effective communication procedure, face to face conversation is necessary. Again managers should keep the track records of employees’ activities.